Tag Archives: Afrobeat

The sound of revolt

On his third album, Afro-Portuguese artist Scรบru Fitchรกdu fuses ancestral wisdom with urban revolt, turning memory and militancy into a soundtrack for resistance.

Scรบru Fitchรกdu. Photo by Rita Carmo.

What strength is that?โ€ asked Sรฉrgio Godinho, one of the most important Portuguese singer-songwriters, in 1972, when Portugal was still submerged in the long night of fascismโ€”dragging out the agony of its colonial system, condemning people to an unjust war, and spreading the carnage in massacres like the one that took place that year in Wiriyamu, Mozambique. Those were harsh times, marked by a โ€œdormensia ku korrentiโ€ (dormancy with chains), as Scรบru Fitchรกdu would later write and sing in Nez txada skรบru dentu skina na braku fundu (2023), his second album, where he reworked and re-signified the poetics of the guerilla and African liberation movements, placing them in the cold concrete thickets of the contemporary city.

More than 50 years have passed since that distant 1972, though the frictions of that memory remain alive in the present. After all, as weโ€™ve recently witnessed in Portugal, where the racist far-right political party Chega had 22.5 percent in the 2025 elections, the serpentโ€™s egg was never properly incineratedโ€”there it is today, transformed into a hydra with 50 furious heads, ready to crush anyone who dares to resist. There they sit, all of themโ€”sons and grandsons of fascists, colonialists, and repackaged terrorist bombersโ€”now comfortably nestled in the honorable seats of Parliament.

By historical coincidence, Scรบru Fitchรกduโ€™s third album, Griots i Riots, was released the morning after the 2025 election, a day of hangover and shock for those who grew up believing that fascism belonged to the past tenseโ€”that places of repression like Tarrafal, or the political violence of the militias in the street, would remain matters of memory, not future threats looming on the horizon. That historical coincidence, as we said, made this album all the more urgent, a symptom of its own time. Urgent, because itโ€™s impossible to hear the unrelenting shout of โ€œKema palasio kemaโ€ without picturing the pigs who would roast beautifully in that redemptive fire. And symptomatic of our time because to the fifty pigs named in the track โ€œResistensia,โ€ the albumโ€™s final piece, we now need to add at least eight moreโ€”and, perhaps, sharpen the blades, load the spit a little heavier, and throw some extra fuel into the blaze.

โ€œWhat strength is that?โ€ Letโ€™s return to Sรฉrgio Godinhoโ€™s question. What strength do we โ€œcarry in our arms,โ€ one that โ€œdemands only obedienceโ€? What force puts us at โ€œease with others but at odds with ourselvesโ€? These days, we look around lost, downcast, already tasting blood in our mouths. And still, this musicโ€”this immanent furyโ€”cuts through the daze, offering not a manifesto of ready-made ideas, but a concrete possibility: to give rage a sense of collective power.

That possibility emerges from the meeting of griotsโ€”whose patient wisdom crosses time and spaceโ€”and riots, urgent responses to immediate violence, a right to self-defense for those who, to borrow again from the last albumโ€™s words, refuse to live as a โ€œbakan kontenti tristi i filiss koitadu / ku se sina la dentu borsu i ku korda na piskoss ben marraduโ€ (content, dumb, sad and happy fool / playing with fate in your pocket and a tight rope around the neck).

Griots i Riots picks up exactly where Nez txada skรบru dentu skina na braku fundu left off. In โ€œTreinament,โ€ the final track of that record, it spoke of waking up once again with a purposeโ€”โ€œlike a dog with clenched teeth and a sore jaw, red eyes waiting for night to fall.โ€ It called for a โ€œprepared militancyโ€ like a root growing strong, turning to weapons and theory with a precise dilemma: โ€œliberation or death.โ€ Not coincidentally, those are also the first words heard on Griots i Riots, wrapped in the crystalline sound of a kora played by Mbye Ebrima, then immediately disrupted by the distorted low-end frequencies that define Scรบru Fitchรกduโ€™s sonic world.

Guided by this political mantra, the album is built upon the tension between theory and practice, word and action, body and orality, the city and self-interrogationโ€”conceiving of revolution not as a distant utopia but as a concrete, daily possibility. Not something that will come from palaces, vanguard leaders, or expert commissions, but from the praxis of lived experience, rooted in committed communities.

Knowing there is no revolutionary theory without revolutionary practice, Griots i Riots confronts the hard time of reality with the slow time of ancestral wisdom; it challenges the anesthetized apathy of political and cultural intervention by conjuring a dissension that opens cracks toward another future. This confrontation between times and tensionsโ€”between memory and urgency, between word and actionโ€”is not just a poetic or political gesture. Itโ€™s also the compositional principle structuring the album, shaping its rhythm and breath. We hear it right away in โ€œGriot i Riot,โ€ the intro, where ancestral wisdom, carried by the kora, is layered over and gradually contaminated by sonic grimeโ€”punctuated by background screams and urgent vocalizations.

Once the blueprint is set, the strategy follows. โ€œIdukasan i saud,โ€ a fast-paced shout of popular revolt that reworks poetic lines from Sรฉrgio Godinhoโ€™s ร€ Queima Roupa (1974), is followed by โ€œKel karta di alfuriaโ€ฆ,โ€ a bass-heavy, reflective track about the traps of false liberations lost in the bourgeois entanglements of the Big House. โ€œFunda na poss,โ€ a visceral blow against pop cultureโ€™s submissive posture, is succeeded by โ€œDu ta morrรช,โ€ an austere and slow meditation on death and grief. The accelerated precision of โ€œKema palasio kemaโ€ clashes with the poetic delivery and harmonized distortion of โ€œSรญmia Kodjรชโ€โ€”a track with Conan Osiris, where a fado-tinged voice has never sounded so richly defiled. โ€œPrekariadu,โ€ a battle cry against the suffocating precarity of lives in the urban jungle, gives way to โ€œCaoberdiano Barela,โ€ a moving reinterpretation of Princezitoโ€™s classic, reminding us that this is a long story still unfolding. Finally, โ€œResistensiaโ€ closes the album, ensuring we donโ€™t forget the clear identification of the targets: the pigs that squeal, the wolves that howl, the sheep that let their guard down.

By his third record, Scรบru Fitchรกdu has lost neither the searing, rough dissent of Un Kuza Runhu (2020) nor the poetic, ethical, and sonic density of Nez txada skรบru dentu skina na braku fundu. In Griots i Riots, we hear the same insubordination, the original impulse, the same grime meant to disrupt the management of a rotten peace. But we also hear an artist who is increasingly a dense and sagacious poet, seeking to expand and master his own language, without ever yielding to the cynical reason of our times. Above all, a creator who writes about his time and his people, attuned to their latent anger, invested in the search for new answers born from everyday struggle. A creator whose music becomes the soundtrack of those who refuse to live in chains, yet who allows himself to exploreโ€”in both sound and contentโ€”deeper reflections on the human condition, the possibilities of agency, the consciousness of death, and the potential for whatโ€™s to come: an ongoing attempt to answer Sรฉrgio Godinhoโ€™s question: What strength is this that we carry in our arms? Let us keep askingโ€”and keep fighting. On this side of the barricade, no one will die on their knees.

This article was written by Joรฃo Mineiro and originally published on the Africa Is A Country website on 29 September 2025. It is republished here under a Creative Commons BY 4.0 license.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renowned for its music

A group of dancers in traditional attire performing a lively dance outdoors, surrounded by spectators in a rural setting.
Congolese musician Fally Ipupa in the middle of his dancers. Screenshot from the video for the song โ€œEloko Oyoโ€ย (โ€œThis Thingโ€ in Lingala) on Fally Ipupaโ€˜s YouTube channel.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) owes much of its global renown to its music, reflecting its cultural diversity.

The countryโ€˜s music transcends its borders. On December 14, 2021, UNESCO added the Congolese rumba to its intangible heritage list. This recognition reflects the global influence of this much-loved music.

To learn more, read: The rebirth of rumba and the musicians who are bringing the sound to a new generation of music lovers

The DRC owes much of its music reputation to its estimated 110 million citizens, who are split between more than 400 ethnic groups. For generations, its music has drawn on this wealth of cultural diversity. The country is also multilingual. French is the countryโ€™s official language, while Lingala, Swahili, Kituba, and Luba-Kasai have national status. From a musical perspective, Lingala remains the countryโ€™s dominant language.

A dynamic tradition that moves with the times

DR Congolese music originates from the traditions and customary practices of each ethnic group. The Nande, Mongo, Luba, and Kongo people play their music on specific instruments: Inanga (African harp), Ngoma (drum), Kundi (African harp), Lokole (slit drum), Mbira (thumb piano), Ngombi (arched harp), Seto (African harp), and Pluriarc (bow lute).

The song โ€œMbomboliyeโ€ by the Mongo people, a call to celebrate good news, is a perfect example of this music:

However, traditional DR Congolese music constantly evolves, incorporating contemporary African and other music trends. A combination of modern and traditional musical instruments makes this possible. Electric guitars, synthesizers, drums, cajons (box-shaped percussion instruments), keyboards, lokole (slit drums), and likembe (lamellophones) add a stylish touch to this music while preserving its cultural origins.

More than just rumba

The DR Congolese music scene is incredibly diverse and dynamic, encompassing various music styles and genres. The rumba originated in the ancient Kingdom of Kongo (now the DRC) and was the first music genre to represent the DRCโ€™s identity. It experienced a resurgence in the 1930s due to the growing popularity of the Cuban rumba, the music of enslaved people living on this Caribbean island for centuries.

After the rumba, the DRC became known for the Soukous in the 1960s.  This genre, which derived from the rumba but features a different musical rhythm, also conquered the African continent and beyond. The Ndombolo, a mixture of the rumba and the Soukous, appeared in the 1990s, reflecting the boundless creativity of DR Congolese musicians.

Given the similarities between these music genres, several artists have become big names in all three styles. However, each generation adds its own contribution to the DRCโ€™s musical identity.

Big names in Congolese music

Many artists and groupsโ€™ identities cross the border in both directions between the DRC and the Republic of the Congo, contributing to the countryโ€™s global musical influence. Among these artists is Grand Kallรฉ, whose classic hit โ€œIndรฉpendance Cha Chaโ€ left its mark on the African independence movement.

Another big name is Tabu Ley, or Franco, who became a DRC music icon with his classic hit, โ€œMarioโ€:

Abeti Masikini and Tshala Muana emerged at the turning point between the first and second generations. Zaรฏko Langa Langa, King Kester Emeneya, Jean-Serge Essous, Madilu System, ร‰douard Nganga, Thรฉo Blaise Kounkou, Mbilia Bel, Simaro Lutumba, Koffi Olomidรฉ, and the renowned Papa Wemba, known as the King of Congolese Rumba and the King of la Sape (Society of Ambiance-Makers and Elegant People), later joined them.

Here is the video for โ€œYoleleโ€ by Papa Wemba:

The third generation includes artists like JB Mpiana, Werrason, Ferre Gola, and Fally Ipupa. Today, Fally Ipupa is considered the DRCโ€™s most successful musician. In addition to the rumba, for which he holds several titles, he has been involved in various other music genres.

Here is the video for Fally Ipupaโ€˜s song โ€œAllianceโ€:

Across the border in the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Youlou Mabiala, Doudou Copa, Roga-Roga, and Aurlus Mabรฉlรฉ, who is one of the leading figures in the soukous genre, have also written some of the most beautiful pieces of music shared with the DRC.

Although DRC music has its distinctive aesthetic appeal, it also plays a quasi-political role. Grand Kallรฉโ€™s stance in โ€œIndรฉpendance Cha Cha,โ€ which became an anthem for anti-colonial groups in DRC and throughout Africa, is a perfect example. In this country, music is also a tool of protest, especially under Mobotu Sese Sekoโ€˜s regime from 1965 to 1997, when artists criticized and denounced its oppression and corruption. Music also often conveys social messages on mutual aid and conviviality within the community.

DR Congolese music has evolved in recent years, combining two African music genres: Amapiano from South Africa and Afrobeat or Afropop from Nigeria. In September 2023, RJ Kanierra followed the Amapiano trend with the song โ€œTia,โ€ receiving over 51 million views on YouTube.

Here is the video for โ€œTiaโ€:

Artists like Gaz Mawete and Innoss’B also lead the way in the Afrobeat genre in the DRC.

Here is the video for one of Innoss’Bโ€™s songs, โ€œOlandi,โ€ which has received more than 53 million views on YouTube:

Other women musicians like Mโ€™bilia Bel and Nathalie Makoma and men like Lokua Kanza, Ray Lema, and Jean Goubald are also DRC ambassadors on the music scene, demonstrating boundless creativity and innovation.

Listen to our DRC music playlist on  Spotify. For more eclectic music from around the world, see the Global Voices Spotify Profile.


This article was written by Jean Sovon and originally published by Global Voices on 27 March 2025. It is republished here under the media partnership between Shouts and Global Voices.

Logo of Shouts Music Blog featuring the text 'SHOUTS MUSIC.BLOG' in a distressed font within a circular design.

BANTU charged and relevant as ever on What Is Your Breaking Point?

It must take a rare kind of resolve to continue to lay down the marker with daring political views as Afrobeat mastersย BANTU have done over the years, particularly on their latest recordย What Is Your Breaking Point?

What Is Your Breaking Point? album cover.

This article was written by Gabriel Myers Hansen and originally published on the Music In Africa webpage under a Creative Commons License.

The 13-piece collectiveโ€™s new album, a brazen 10-track manifesto following 2020โ€™s Everybody Get Agenda and2017โ€™s Agberos International, not only strips back dire social circumstances that have bedevilled [insert African country] but also works as the soundtrack to an impending revolution.

What Is Your Breaking Point? is rooted in traditions originally plotted by Fela Kuti, and sees BANTU devotedly playing to the strengths and identity of Afrobeat. Mainly via the charisma of frontman Adรฉ Bantuโ€™s voice, the project bursts with the quintessential Fela-esque fury yet hopeful vision of Nigeria, driven by frantic percussion work, charged horn sections and biting allegories conveyed in English, West African pidgin, and Yoruba.

Shorn of filler verbiage or breathers, the collection invites listeners to engage with Africaโ€™s dynamic political landscape while underscoring the transformative muscle of music, diving headfirst into the key issues: corruption, blind imitation of Western culture, the troubling perpetuation of gender norms and the danger of remaining silent.

Largely, when Afrobeat takes on the โ€˜Sโ€™, it paints a vain and glamorous picture preoccupied with love, sex and other nightlife rituals. Take the consonant away, and itโ€™s serious business. What Is Your Breaking Point?, whose only guest is African-American rapper Akua Naru, does precisely this.

The feverishly paced โ€˜Wayo and Divisionโ€™ kicks things off, tackling an integrity deficit among Africaโ€™s leadership, which is often characterised by a strategy of deceit and division. โ€˜Japaโ€™ is a cautionary tale against the mass exodus of Africans to the West, highlighting the perils of illegal migration and the illusory promise of greener pastures. โ€œYou just dey run from frying pan to fire,โ€ a line goes. 

โ€˜Ten Times Backwardsโ€™ rues the crippling of many an African dream by regressive structures, while โ€˜Worm and Grassโ€™ returns to the topics of duplicity and manipulation among the ruling class. โ€˜Borrow Borrowโ€™ examines the aftereffects of Western imperialism, while sobering revelations on โ€˜Africa for Saleโ€™ summon more troubled sighs.

How much longer must this continue? When do we collectively decide that enough is enough? This is the focus of โ€˜Breaking Pointโ€™, and the question that shines throughout the project.

Focus track โ€˜Your Silenceโ€™, a sublime and reflective highlife (or Afrobeats) offering, resonates with the sentiments of German Lutheran pastor Martin Niemรถller, invoking a connection to Niemรถllerโ€™s famous quote on the Nazi atrocities. โ€œFirst they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out โ€“ because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out โ€“ because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out โ€“ because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me โ€“ and there was no one left to speak for me,โ€ Niemรถller mourns.

The song prompts introspection and encourages listeners to consider the consequences of silence in the face of injustice. โ€œThe silence no go protect you,โ€ is how BANTU puts it.

The project closes out with โ€˜We No Go Greeโ€™, which retains the urgent ardour it commences 45 minutes earlier. โ€œThe political elites have only been concerned with short-term benefits,โ€ Adรฉ declares in his parting message, although if you are an African, this goes without saying. โ€œWe must take back our freedom, our voices and our future.โ€

These days, commentary surrounding governance on the continent can feel like a broken record, seeing how poorly a number of African countries have been run for decades. And so, while this new project, a fearless Afrobeat album of political resilience, represents an urgent and valuable perspective on the problem with Africa’s administration, I wonder how many more BANTU albums must arrive in the coming years to catalyse true transformation. As Sam Cooke once sang, โ€œA change is gonโ€™ comeโ€, but when?

The answer remains vague, but until then, the struggle continues. Aluta continua!